![]() ![]() Later scholarship disputed Murray’s claims about witch cults, but her influence could not be erased within Wicca. She wrote several books on medieval religion centered around witch cults in medieval Europe that inspired British seekers to create their own covens and structure worship around her descriptions, starting with 1921’s The Witch-Cult in Western Europe. The rituals of modern Wiccan practice can be traced to famed first-wave feminist, Egyptologist, anthropologist and folklorist Margaret Murray. Rituals in Wicca often include holidays centered around phases of the moon solar equinoxes and solstices elements such as fire, water, earth and air and initiation ceremonies. Other Wiccan practices are atheist, pantheist, polytheist or respectful of gods and goddesses as archetypal symbols rather than as actual or supernatural beings. There is great diversity among individuals and groups that practice a Wiccan religion, but many are duotheistic, worshiping both a female goddess and a male god (sometimes referred to as a Mother Goddess and a Horned God). Wicca also has some commonalities with Druidism in its environmental component, and is considered the inspiration of the goddess movement in spirituality. It may be practiced by individuals or members of groups (sometimes known as covens). ![]() ![]() Wicca is considered a modern interpretation of pre-Christian traditions, though some involved claim a direct line to ancient practices. ![]()
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